PROTOCOL & CABLING

What is a Protocol?

• A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.

• These rules include guidelines that regulate the following characteristics of a network:

– access method,

– allowed physical topologies,

– types of cabling, and

– speed of data transfer.

LAN Technology

Protocol : Ethernet

• the most widely used wired networks protocol

• Early Ethernet network were half duplex, uses an access method called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense

Multiple Access/Collision Detection) a system where each computer listens to the cable before sending

anything through the network to avoid collisions.

• Since 1997 Ethernet uses full duplex communication,

that does not require listening to other messages and

no collisions occur.

Protocol : Local talk

• a network protocol that was developed Macintosh computers.

• used a method called CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance), where a computer signals its intent to transmit before it actually does so.

• allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies using twisted pair cable.

• disadvantage : slow speed (only 230 Kbps).

Protocol Token Ring

• The Token Ring protocol requires a star-wired ring using twisted pair or fiber optic cable. It can operate at

transmission speeds of 4 Mbps or 16 Mbps.

• Fiber Distributed Data Interface - a network

protocol that is used primarily to interconnect

two or more local area networks, often over

large distances.

Protocol FDDI

• access method involves token-passing.

• uses a dual ring physical topology. Transmission normally occurs on one of the rings; if a break occurs, the system keeps information moving by automatically using portions of the second ring to create a new complete ring.

• A major advantage of FDDI is speed. It operates over fiber optic cable at 100 Mbps.

Types of Cabling

Unshielded Twisted Pair

(UTP) Cable

Shielded Twisted Pair

LAN TECHNOLOGY

CABLING(STP) Cable

 Coaxial Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

RJ-45

B & C connector

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM

(NOS)

Peer to Peer
• In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered equal; they all have the same abilities
to use the resources available on the network
• allow users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers.
• do not have a file server or a centralized management source
• designed primarily for small to medium local area networks.
• AppleShare and Windows for Workgroups are examples of programs that can function as peer to-
peer network operating systems.

YOUTUBE berkata PEER TO PEER (P2P) adalah :

Client/Server
• allow the network to centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers system
• providing access to resources and providing security.
• individual workstations (clients) have access to the resources available on the file servers.
• Novell Netware and Windows 2000 Server are examples of client/server network operating systems.

YOUTUBE berkata CLIENT/SERVER adalah :

# EXTRA KNOWLEDGE --> how to install cat5 cable to RJ-45

Cara memasang kepala RJ-45

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